Declaration of the Rights of Men and of Citizens Essay

The solvent of The Rights of Man and of Citizens begins with a clear stipulation of im musical compositi atomic number 53nt liberty and adequateity in every man. Equality, on that pointof, seems to be an appropriate line to begin. The firmness defines our equality in relation to our sets, such(prenominal) that we argon except born with the same entitlements and among them the right to perpetuate such rights throughout our lives. sepa arrayly and every one of us is entitled to the expression of the will of a alliance (which, according to Rousseau, is the collective will of the constituent individuals). In a similar light, the integrity is to regard each individual without bias execute its duty of punishment or protection as justice sees fit. The ordinal section of the declaration states thatAll being equal in its sight, atomic number 18 equ bothy eligible to all honours, places and employments, according to their different abilities, without any different distinction than that created by their virtues and talents.Effectually, this levels the metaphorical playing field, rightly em precedents the skilful and the sufficient while ensuring men atomic number 18 distinguished non by the tinct of their skin, nor by their religion and neither by their wealth but by their merits and abilities.Unfortunately that has never been so. There ar a plethora of under the weather historical examples that contravene section VI. The apartheid, holocaust and slave trade be amongst the many historical events that shit grossly violated the former section. Nepotism, racism, sexism and separationism still ail society and contribute to its atrophic senescence.One sturdy claim is that every man is innocent, until assuren guilty by the law. The impart Catholic Church disagrees, believing than everyone is bornwith the burden of original sin. It is non the totally body that believes in immediate guilt, many states (including China) adopt a judicial carcass, w hich ope rambles on a contrary principle that every man is guilty until proven innocent by the law.UNRESTRAINED COMMUNICATION separately individual is entitled to his own opinions, their expression and their converse (regardless of content and context). The Declaration explicitly iterates that this is a mans near precious right and butt joint only be annulled when it threatens the public club. The law establishes the threat.How exactly can you abuse the right of free speech communication? Who has the right to decide when freedom of speech is abused? A state whitethorn act unjustly towards the expression of politically or religiously sensitive opinions, as they may rouse widespread criticism and lead to an imbalance of g everyplacening violence and authority. However, is it at heart the laws rights to place the right to freedom of speech below its own interests? Such controversy is faced in places such as China and Russia. However, the uproar provoked by Julian Assange and E dward Snowden prove that the West cannot lay claims to an unmarred reputation of moral conduct.Individual inherent equality is never defined with autonomy, since it is always bordered by the canons of the law. The Declaration seems to state that the force out of the law transcends the rights of man, as it may decide what is in spite of appearance and excluded from such rights. It is given the power to distinguish and determine.LAWThe Declaration defines the first-string duty of the law as an expression of the will of the community and that the law should only prohibit actions that are hurtful to society. It decrees, what is not prohibited by the law, should not be hindered and the law ought to impose no other penalties butsuch as are absolutely and evidently necessary.The law is tiny as the decision-making faculty in society, it has the power to imprison, accuse, arrest, apprehend and (the two most important powers) to determine the extent at which one man may secure the libera l exercise of his own rights and to establish when public order is breached or threatened.So who deems what is absolutely and evidently necessary? Who holds the reins to the law? Shouldnt the law be separate from the normal man, should it not occupy a different order of sovereignty? What gives other man the power to wield the scales of the law, is he superior to any other man that he may decide his counterparts fate? Who has the prerogative to empower another man with the sword and shield of the law?According to the declaration, all citizens have a righteither personally, or by their representatives, in its composition. So the populace, by right, has power over the law, which in turn, by right, has power over the populace.Ideally, this as genuines the equality of power. A cyclic system where the law changes with the heap and adjusts itself accordingly as the essence of man itself changes where any change in the attitudes of the throng is reflected in a change in the law. Equili brium is, therefore, well-kept and this allows elasticity and exposes duality in the expression of power.This is by no heart and soul a moral system. By this definition, the law is as fickle as man and serves as an inadequate canon, an imitation canon to reassure us that we are a moral and just society. Though the Declaration implores the equal distribution of law, all being equal in its sight, it has managed to allow the atrocities affiliated in the past. The witch hunts, slave trade, oppression of women, exploitation of children and the inquisition are merely a few events where the latter section of the clause (the law should be the same to all) has been unpardonably violated.Is this the fault of the people? No, the fault lies with the educatedlawmakers, the representatives.REPRESENTATIVEThe Declaration mentions lawmakers (or representatives) and their sole duty to express the will of the citizen. They are effectively the mouthpiece of the populace and are crucial for succinct communication between power and the people. In modern society, this role is prevalent in the majority of democratic states in the form of Members of Parliament in the UK, Senators in the US and LegCo members in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, the representative role can be held liable for neglecting its duties and promulgating laws in favour of the upper echelons of society throughout history.The Church is one of the main perpetrators, abusing its influence and power to serve its own needs or requirements. It can be held directly responsible for the frenzied witch-hunts, the inquisition and the idle reformation, which are some of the darkest events in history. Wealthy plantation owners all over the world perpetuated the slave trade, since their operations were extremely labour intensive and extensively profit orientated. Plantations could not profit if workers were to be paid and treated evenhandedly therefore requiring underpaid and exploitable workers.Since the role of a representati ve is conventionally a coterie specific role, it is nearly impossible for a member of the people to mount to this position. Therefore the role of a lawmaker is somewhat disconnected from the people and is, perchance, inadvertently stifling the voice of the people.The representative has, of course, the same (equal) rights of the people and therefore is entitled to ambition. Though their duty is to represent and express the will of the people, it is instead understandably second only to their personal desires and demands. Self-satisfaction is ingrained within every single complex organism on this pla brighten, so it is only natural to pursue your own interests and seek your own ends.However, those with power (and in a higher place all representatives and lawmakers) havethe office to meet their ends. The mere possession of power is corruptive and addictive. Those in the upper classes of society will, at the very least, stress to remain in the rung they nestle in fearing a rel egation to a lower status. Many will desire to dispose and bestride further from the people and manipulate the resources available to them in order to do so. Yet, it is the privileged that possess such resources or have access to certain opportunities that allow them to advance and the unprivileged that dont, thereby consolidating caste preservation and backdrop the cyclic nature of disparity in place. This is where the voice of the people is upset in transmission.This is evident in the American taxation design, where the wealthy welfare from certain policies that permits income to be classified otherwise and thereby avoiding the maximum rate of taxation. The Republican Party immortalizes these policies, as it contributes to their socio-economic preservation.What seems not to be apparent is that there is no need to abuse power. The correct expression of power and uncontaminating distribution can only bring about what the Declaration suggests a level playing field. It would enc ourage a Darwinian model of progression, where the socio-economic advance and preservation of an individual is reliant on performance, ability, talent, skill and virtue.COMMON functionIt is necessary, according to the declaration, for a common contribution. This is for the support of the public force, and for defraying the other expenses of presidential term. The declaration states that this common contribution ought to be divided equally amongst all according to their abilities. The former of the statements still rings true today and is the only thing reputed to be certain (apart from death). The latter stipulation, regrettably, has not.Internationally most citizens are taxed on their income, on the goods theypurchase and the money they inherit. Yet no system of taxation is truly fair, as the law affords disproportionate contribution and means of evading certain taxation.This is most evident in America, where many high net worth investors pay a smaller percentage of their income than their middle class, work counterparts. This is achieved through exploiting the capital gains tax and the carried interest tax. As a expiry of such exploitation, Warren Buffet only paid a have tax rate of 17.4% in 2010, where less affluent Americans contributed up to 45% of their income to the government. The declaration stipulates that common contribution should be divided equally among members of the community according to their abilities. A merit and ability based taxation scheme is fair and just.So how should a population be taxed (if they are to be taxed on ability)? Taxing on the basis of income seems not to work. Perhaps the rate of tax should be varied by age or perhaps determined by occupation (seeing as occupation is decided by ability).A problem that arises is that this would discourage hard work and penalize success. therefrom resulting in a population hesitant to use their abilities and work to their sound capacity.